After the event, a fear extinction process begins in the prefrontal cortex and effectively returns the body to its routine state. When the latter mechanism fails to function properly, we continue to experience reactions of fear while we no longer need it, leading to symptoms of anxiety and post-trauma. According to the study, this explains why adults are usually more cautious in comparison to children regarding extreme or challenging activities, because their brains delay the fear extinction mechanism.
In the study, young postweanling and adult rats were exposed to a mild traumatic event. Some of them were then placed on an elevated platform, creating exposure to stress, while the control groups were not exposed to stress. The findings showed that the adult animals reacted as expected: strong fear responses were seen by comparison to the rats that were not exposed to trauma.
The group that was not exposed to stress extinguished fear more rapidly than the group that was exposed to stress. But among the young rats the picture was completely reversed. The fear reactions of the rats exposed to trauma were much lower, and the fear extinction time was much shorter, than among the adult rats. Moreover, the young rats exposed to stress actually extinguished fear more rapidly than their peers that were not exposed to stress.
In other words, exposure to stress among the young rats actually accelerated the return to routine and significantly reduced fear reactions. Following this behavioral examination, the investigators also examined physiological changes to the brain and found a similar pattern.
Toddlers feel separation anxiety. At some time between 10 months and 2 years, many toddlers start to fear being apart from a parent. They don't want a parent to leave them at daycare, or at bedtime.
They may cry, cling, and try to stay near their parent. Young kids fear "pretend" things. Kids ages 4 through 6 can imagine and pretend. But they can't always tell what's real and what's not. To them, the scary monsters they imagine seem real. They fear what might be under their bed or in the closet. Many are afraid of the dark and at bedtime.
Some are afraid of scary dreams. Young kids may also be afraid of loud noises, like thunder or fireworks. That this is not a good project for PJAS.
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It helped me come up with ideas where I would have had none and been unable to participate in the science competition. Compared to a typical science class, please tell us how much you learned doing this project.
D20 said: Much less. Try one of our science activities for quick, anytime science explorations. The perfect thing to liven up a rainy day, school vacation, or moment of boredom. Menu Science Projects. Project Guides. View Site Map. Science Projects. Grade Levels. Physical Science. Earth and Environmental Science. Behavioral and Social Science. How Do Fears Change with Age? Share your story with Science Buddies!
Yes, I Did This Project! Please log in or create a free account to let us know how things went. Science Buddies Staff. Accessed 14 Nov. Introduction To do this study, you will first need to write and then to administer a survey about common fears. Bibliography This webpage calculates the sample size required for a desired confidence interval, or the confidence interval for a given sample size: Creative Research Systems, Sample Size Calculator,.
Retrieved June 28, This website has information on statistics and statistical tests, written for the non-mathematician: Niles, Robert, Here is an Excel tutorial to get you started using a spreadsheet program: Excel Easy.
Excel Easy: 1 Excel tutorial on the net. Retrieved July 15, Note: A computerized matching algorithm suggests the above articles. It's not as smart as you are, and it may occasionally give humorous, ridiculous, or even annoying results!
Learn more about the News Feed. Materials and Equipment To do this experiment you will need the following materials and equipment: surveys, volunteers of different age groups, computer with spreadsheet software e.
Experimental Procedure Note: There are special considerations when designing an experiment involving human subjects. Designing and Administering the Survey You will need to decide which age groups you want to survey.
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